Process using passive

How to change a tyre

Getting a flat tyre is inconvenient, whether it happens in town or in a remote location. It’s important to know how to change a tyre, especially if there is no garage nearby to help out.

This is what must be done. First, the wheelnuts must be loosened. This should be done before the car is raised, using the jack. Next, the car is jacked up. Then the nuts are removed. After that the wheel is removed and the spare tyre is put on. Then the nuts are tightened and the car is lowered. The nuts are tightened one last time for safety. Finally the tools are tidied away. You are now ready to drive on.

As you can see, changing a tyre is a very simple and straightforward process, but you must follow the above steps in the correct order, particularly the first step of loosening the wheelnuts before you raise the vehicle.

158 words.

Reflection on process writing

When the task is to describe a process using the passive voice/mood, we must use the present passive.

This is formed by using is or are with the past participle, e.g.

Orange juice is stored in a fridge.

The oranges are transported in trucks to the factory.

If we fail to use the passive when we are specifically asked to do so, we are dropped a quarter band, which can mean the difference between passing & failing.

Process essay using passive form

Olive Oil

How olive oil is made

Producing olive oil is a fairly long and difficult process but if you follow these steps you should end up with good quality oil.

First, between September and December, the olives are harvested by hand or with sticks and rakes. Then they are collected on nets beneath the trees. After that, leaves and small stones are removed and the olives are run through a washer to remove any impurities before crushing. Then, within 24-36 hours of picking, the olives are crushed by granite millstones. The olive paste obtained is layered on mats which are put under pressure from a screw or hydraulic press. The liquid produced is collected and put through a centrifugal separator to separate the water and impurities from the oil. Finally, after centrifugation, the oil is obtained.

Superior olive oil is amber in colour and opaque. The less acidic the oil, the better the quality.

153 words.

Narrative essay

A long weekend break

Last weekend was a long one to celebrate the UAE National Day. My wife and I decided to drive from Abu Dhabi to Dubai and stay there for a four-night mini-break.

We left Abu Dhabi on Wednesday afternoon and drove to Dubai. The journey took about one and a quarter hours. We checked into the Holiday Inn Express which is near to Safa Park. This is an attractive and popular recreation area, and quite crowded at weekends. On Wednesday evening we walked to the Metropolitan Hotel and enjoyed a Thai seafood meal. On Thursday morning we jogged in Safa Park and in the afternoon drove out to watch the first day’s play at the Dubai Rugby Sevens. On Thursday evening we took our first ride on the new Dubai Metro, from Business Bay to Union Square. On Friday and Saturday we exercised in the park in the morning and in the afternoon went to watch the international teams competing in the Sevens. The final international match was Saturday evening and it was very exciting for us because England narrowly defeated Samoa to win the tournament for the third time.

On Sunday we celebrated by having lunch on the Boardwalk at the Dubai Sailing Club, overlooking the Creek. We then drove back to Abu Dhabi. As usual it had been a most enjoyable break.

220 words.

Process essay

Process: orange juice

Orange juice is a very healthy drink, full of vitamin C. The process of producing orange juice for sale in supermarkets is quite long and complicated. Here is how it is done.

First, the fruit is unloaded from lorries. Then the oranges are graded, washed and sized. After that, the juice is extracted and the residual material is sent for use as animal feed. The next step is very important. The juice is evaporated at a high temperature over a short time, producing concentrate. The concentrate is then stored in refrigerated units. Then the juice is canned and shipped overseas to its destination. In the country where it will be sold, water is added to the concentrate. Finally, the orange juice is bottled and sent to supermarkets, where it is sold to the consumer.

As you can see, producing orange juice for sale in shops is a long and complicated process but the final product is worth it.

160 words.

Niah Caves

A Journey from Brunei to Sarawak

Thirty years ago, Hedley, with his wife Mary and daughter Katie, visited the

Niah Caves in Sarawak, East Malaysia. They travelled by car ,

ferry , and boat .

They set off from Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei and

drove to the border with Sarawak. They crossed two large rivers by

ferry, stopped in Miri for lunch and then continued to Niah,

a small river township. Then they hired a small boat and sailed

upriver to a government rest house, where they spent the night.

They ate with the small group of scientists who lived in the rest

house and shared the cold drinks they had brought with them in

a cool box. It was a remote spot, deep in the jungle. They slept in

bunk beds with no airconditioning. It was a novel experience.

The next morning, they walked along a jungle path for half an hour

until they reached the Niah caves. Inside the caves, which were

very high, they saw men who climbed up tall bamboo

poles. The men wore lights on their hats because it was so dark.

At the top of the poles they scraped off birds’ nests from the roof

of the caves. The nests were collected by their mates on the cave floor

and packed into sacks. These nests were later sold and made

into bird’s nest soup, a Chinese delicacy.


That afternoon, they said goodbye to their new-found friends

in the rest house and set off on the long drive home. It was quite

an adventure and one they would never forget.


266 words


visit travel set off drive cross stop continue hire sail spend eat

be sleep be walk reach see climb wear scrape collect pack

sell make say set off

simple past

past passive

Reflection 1

In writing procedure essays the 2 essential things to remember are:

1) use the imperative form, i.e. do this, do that, don't do this, etc. Sometimes we were given flow charts with the -ing form and we had to remember to change this.

2) use linking words, e.g. first, secondly, then, next, after that, finally.

We always divided these essays into 3 paragraphs: introduction (c. 20-30 words), main paragraph (c. 90-100 words) and conclusion (c. 20-30 words); total: 150-160 words.

We did several practice procedures before the first writing assignment and first progress test.

Reflection 2

We use a 4-paragraph format for Compare & Contrast, viz

1) Introduction: state which 2 things you are going to compare and contrast.

2) Compare the similarities: at least 3 or 4.

3) Contrast the differences: again at least 3 or 4.

4) Say whether the differences outweigh the similarities, or vice versa.

State which you prefer, or look at the merits/demerits of both. For example, with small
town/village v big city, say what you like about each. You can be positive about both.

It's important to express your own ideas/opinions if you want to get above the minimum
pass grade.

Cheesemaking

How to make cheese

Making cheese is quite a long and technical procedure but it is very satisfying and worthwhile. Here are the steps you need to follow.

First, collect all the ingredients you need: milk, vinegar and salt. Then add four teaspoons of vinegar while you are boiling the milk. Don’t forget to stir well with a wooden spoon. After that, remove any moisture with a cheesecloth and then separate the whey from the cheese. Next leave the mixture to cool down. Then, for flavour, add salt to the cheese, remove any remaining moisture and place the cheese into a mould. Finally, wrap the cheese in a cloth and refrigerate before eating.

As you can see, making your own cheese is quite a long procedure but if you follow the above steps you should end up with a tasty and nutritious product. Bon appétit.

145 words

Group v Individual Work

Working with a group and working on your own

Here in ADMC we often work individually but at other times we have to work in groups. There are similarities and differences between the two modes of work.

The first similarity is that we have a task assigned by the teacher and, obviously, we have to complete it. Secondly, the assignment will have a time limit or deadline. In addition, the task will be assessed and marked by the teacher. Finally, of course, this mark will be entered into the gradebook and will contribute a fixed percentage to our ultimate mark.

There are, however, several important differences. When you work on your own you can work at your own pace but in a group you have to consult others in order to share tasks, meet deadlines and reach an outcome. Consulting others and sharing tasks means, therefore, that you are working as part of a team, rather than as an individual. As a team member, there has to be a degree of consultation, of give and take. Also, a team works better if each member has a specific task: spokesman, secretary, and so on.

For myself, I’m happy to work individually but working as a team has both social and academic benefits and is good practice for the workplace, where we will often have to work and cooperate with colleagues in order to achieve success.

225 words

Butter

How to make butter

Making butter is a long procedure and you need to follow a lot of steps very carefully. If you carry out the following procedure you should produce high-quality butter.

Firstly, check the fresh milk for quality and fat content. After that, leave the milk to cool. Then separate and churn the cream. Next drain the buttermilk from the butter and place the butter in a jar. After that, wash the butter with cold water in order to remove the remaining sour milk. Then add a small amount of salt to add flavour to the butter. After that, cut and wrap the butter. Finally, store the butter in a fridge to keep it fresh and prevent it from melting.

As you can see from the above, making butter is quite a complicated and lengthy procedure. You need to follow all the steps mentioned very diligently but, if you do so, you should produce excellent butter.

152 words.

City & Village

Compare and contrast living in a village with living in a city

In England, I live in a small town, while here in Abu Dhabi I live in a large, modern city. So I’m well qualified to compare and contrast village and city life.

There are certain similarities between the two lifestyles. Firstly, in both villages and towns you find domestic residences. Roads, schools, hospitals, shops, garages, and so on, are also common to both village and city.

The main difference between village and city is, of course, in terms of size and number. In a small village, there might be only one shop, one school, one garage, one hospital or clinic. In a large city, there are many of each. In addition a village shop will likely be small, whereas in a city like Abu Dhabi we have many large-scale shopping malls, in addition to supermarkets and smaller shops. Similarly, in a large city there will be more, and bigger, schools, hospitals and garages.

Personally, I love living in a small, quiet rural town when I’m in England. I savour walking in the countryside and along the coast. I relish the clean environment. I like using the local fishmonger, baker and other town tradespeople. On the other hand, I enjoy the wider range of shops, restaurants and sporting facilities here in Abu Dhabi. The increased noise and pollution is the price I pay for this.

223 words.

The UAE past and present

Compare and contrast the UAE 40 years ago with the UAE today

The UAE has changed dramatically over the past forty years. Some things, however, have not changed.

There are certain similarities between the UAE forty years ago and today. First, the official language is still Arabic, although English is widely spoken. Secondly, the religion and culture is still Islamic and the sound of the mosque is still heard around the city. Traditional dress continues to be worn by both male and female Emiratis. Customs such as falconry and camel racing are still popular. The same ruling family fills the position of head of state, or president, of the UAE.

There are, however, many significant differences from forty years ago. Firstly, the population has increased, both Emirati and expatriate. In addition, the economy has been transformed by the development of the oil industry. The resulting wealth has funded a transformation of the infrastructure: more roads, high-rise buildings, harbours, bridges, schools and hospitals. The topography of the UAE has changed completely. Look at any old photograph of Abu Dhabi or Dubai forty years ago and the differences with today are striking.

In conclusion, the differences outweigh the similarities. The UAE has, in brief, modernised more quickly in forty years than perhaps any other country in the world.

205 words

Desert Trip

Preparing for a desert trip

The desert is a harsh environment so it’s important to prepare your trip very carefully. These are the steps you should follow.

First, you must have a 4-WD vehicle. Obtain a good map and decide on your route and destination. Then let your family and friends know where and when you are going. Don’t go on a long desert trip with only one vehicle. Make sure your car is in sound mechanical condition and take care to check oil and water levels. Take spare fuel and plenty of food and drinking water. Don’t forget to take your mobile and a compass in case you get lost. In addition, make sure you have a good first-aid kit in case of emergency or mishap. Finally, before going off-road, lower your tyre pressures to the recommended level.

A desert trip is never completely risk-free so it’s important to follow all the above steps. Going into the desert is always an adventure. Bon voyage.

160 words

ATM

How to use an ATM

Using an ATM is a very simple procedure but you must follow these steps carefully for security reasons. Let me explain the procedure step by step.

First, go to the bank and select an ATM. Secondly, take your bank card from your wallet and put it into the machine as directed. Then enter your PIN, making sure that nobody sees it, as there is a growing amount of card fraud these days. After that, choose the service you require: deposit cash, withdraw cash, view balance, or whatever. If you are withdrawing cash make sure you retrieve your bankcard quicly as you only have a limited time to do so before the machine takes back your cash. Finally, take your receipt from the ATM.

As you can see, using an ATM is not a difficult procedure. However, you must follow the above steps carefully and take care. Always make sure you follow the correct procedure for security reasons.

157 words.

Booking a holiday

How to book a holiday


Going on holiday can, surprisingly, be quite stressful, so it’s important to get everything right when you book.

First of all, choose a date of departure and return. Then select a destination and a place to stay. If you are going abroad, make sure you book flights which are convenient. Nowadays you can book flights and hotels online. When you have done this, make sure your passport is in order. Check to see if you need visas or other documents. After that, get information about the climate, so that you can choose suitable clothing for your trip. Also don't forget to take some local currency with you and that you know how to get extra money while you are away. Finally, it’s a good idea to read about the culture and traditions of whichever country you are visiting; if necessary, make a list of dos and don’ts.

Remembering everything is not easy but if you follow these basic steps you have done as much as you can to arrange a super holiday.

170 words